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今天11月3日周二20 条
  1. TrendForce57

    寒武纪陈云杰称AI设计芯片已达十余年前手机处理器水平,AI正重塑半导体全链条

    寒武纪联合创始人陈云杰在2026世界顶尖科学家论坛表示,AI设计的启明-1(2021年)性能接近Intel 486,启明-2(2025年)达到十余年前主流手机CPU水平;其团队从100多个AI算法中提炼公共运算并设计AI指令集架构,华为采用该处理器架构用于第一代AI芯片,支付约2亿元授权费。诺奖得主Novoselov指出AI可预测二维材料改性结果但提醒真实材料更复杂。

    AI 生成摘要 · 以原文为准

  2. SpaceNews52

    Exolaunch CEO 撰文分析太空发射市场:缺的不是火箭运力而是轨道多样性

    Exolaunch CEO Robert Sproles 撰文称,尽管 FAA 在 2026 财年批准 187 次发射,卫星运营商仍面临排期难题,瓶颈在于发射运力集中在少数高频火箭和相似轨道上,客户需要更多样化的目的地、时间和载具选择。文章介绍共乘之外的模式。

    AI 生成摘要 · 以原文为准

  3. EE Times24

    Silicon Catalyst 专栏:为什么 Arthur C. Clarke 爵士值得一座诺贝尔奖

    Silicon Catalyst 创始人撰文呼吁诺贝尔奖委员会考虑向《2001:太空漫游》作者 Arthur C. Clarke 爵士追授诺贝尔奖,认为其关于机器试图控制人类的预言在当今 AI 时代应验。文章同时预告 Silicon Catalyst 2026 半导体产业论坛将于 11 月 11 日在加州 Mountain View 计算机历史博物馆举行,主题为 AI、量子与太空。

    AI 生成摘要 · 以原文为准

  4. POWER Magazine61

    POWER 访谈:2026 中期选举如何影响电力行业与数据中心政治风向

    POWER Magazine 刊登对公共事务公司 The Hawthorn Group 的 John Ashford 和 Jared Dubnow 的书面访谈,讨论 2026 中期选举中的能源议题。两人认为数据中心已成为选举核心议题,POLITICO 10 月民调显示一半美国人反对在住家三英里内建数据中心,1 月该比例仅 28%。

    AI 生成摘要 · 以原文为准

  5. 华尔街见闻 · 高盛65

    高盛上调布伦特油价目标至105美元:地缘风险溢价将持续主导原油走势

    高盛石油研究主管Daan Struyven将布伦特原油12月目标价从每桶90美元上调至105美元,WTI目标价从81美元上调至94美元,并预计2027年布伦特均价约88美元、WTI约78美元。其核心判断是10月油价上涨主要由约27美元的风险溢价跳升驱动,全球可见库存在9月和10月基本持平,供需大体平衡。

    AI 生成摘要 · 以原文为准

  6. The Quantum Insider37

    Qtonic Quantum 任命前北约陆军司令部司令 Cloutier 中将主管运营

    Qtonic Quantum 任命美国陆军退役中将、前北约盟军地面司令部司令 Roger L. Cloutier Jr. 为主管运营,他将负责公司组织架构与日常运营,并继续担任其自 2026 年 5 月起执掌的 Allied Defense Council 主席。Qtonic 面向企业和联邦客户提供后量子密码迁移服务。

    AI 生成摘要 · 以原文为准

  7. Ben Bajarin52

    Ben Bajarin 转发一条描述 GPU 获取过程的内容并称这更接近他们实际听到的情况。转发内容列举了远期供给交易的典型流程:所谓有 GPU 的卖家往往只有 OEM 大概 Q1 '27 的排产线索,或尚未找到 colo 机房、未订购网络,常见报价如 $4.9/小时加 10% 预付款赌 RFS Jan '27,结果未上线只退回 50% 预付款。对比之下,立即可 RFS 的节点流程是买家先要 1 小时测试节点验证 InfiniBand 和存储网络,卖家报 $10/小时并要求 2 小时内 100% 预付,创业公司明知能以 $20/小时变现所以当场签约电汇。结论是远期 speculative 供给与即时 RFS 节点是完全不同的市场,低于 $7/小时的报价多半不真实。

    AI 生成摘要 · 以原文为准

    引用Nick Khami@skeptrune

    this is how finding GPUs goes: 1. someone says they have GPUs 2. you ask & turns out they have a lead on an OEM that will ship in maybe Q1 ‘27. 3. you ask & turns out they haven’t found colo space, haven’t ordered networking. 4. you ask & the OEM is SMC with optics in the hot aisle. back of your mind you also know SMC always rugs & ships late. 4. you ask & turns out they’re racked with hydra and they don’t even have final seller’s rights. 5. you say you’ll do $4.9/hr 10% prepay for RFS Jan ‘27. effectively betting there’s a 60% chance it goes live and you get ‘em 6. jan comes, not live, you get 50% of your prepay back and is what it is. everyone’s pissed. other scenario: 1. guy says he has GPUs RFS tmrw 2. you ask and get test node for 1hr, it has infiniband & storage nodes on network 3. he says $10/hr, sign in next two hrs 100% prepay or piss off. 3. startup knows they’ll make $20/hr so they grit their teeth & snap call sign plus wire. BMC without of band access is given same day, everyone’s happy! speculative market for yotta compute available maybe Q1 maybe Q3 ‘27 in yucatan is completely different than nodes with immediate RFS. anything under $7/hr probably isn’t real.

  8. Ben Bajarin47

    有史以来最长的一期 Circuit!干货满满! 精彩一周!Anthropic 公开账本,英特尔引出更多疑问,还有 Marvell 与 Lumentum? 与 @benbajarin 和 @jaygoldberg 一起 章节: (00:00) 欢迎:The Circuit 的一周干货 (00:29) Anthropic 的 S-1:增长、支出与生存风险 (03:46) Anthropic 对 Scaling Laws 的押注 (05:43) 企业采用与 Anthropic 的增长引擎 (09:26) 我们的 CIO 调查:AI ROI 与技能差距 (12:16) AI 预算如何超越 IT 部门增长 (18:55) Anthropic Direct:掌控算力 (20:23) Anthropic 的多芯片策略 (25:32) 当定制芯片成为战略优势 (30:58) Anthropic 更像晶圆代工厂而非软件公司? (32:49) 算力承诺、云折扣与 token 经济学 (37:37) Anthropic 的治理与创始人控制权 (41:23) 超大规模云厂商财报:AI 需求强劲,业绩喜忧参半 (47:39) 谁的 AI 飞轮最需要转起来? (51:45) Google 搜索、AI 广告与平台风险 (54:55) 英特尔强劲季度与疲弱指引 (56:47) 产能分配:PC 与 AI 服务器之争 (60:22) PC 下行与英特尔的迟缓应对 (62:53) 英特尔的复苏:基础更好,周期更长 (66:02) Chiplet 与跨制程节点规划的挑战 (68:24) 封装基板约束与供应链规划 (71:00) 重建对英特尔的信心 (74:20) Marvell–Lumentum:如何理解这笔潜在交易 (76:30) 光网络为何可能需要更多垂直整合 (79:13) 光器件会走向商品化吗? (82:25) …

    AI 生成摘要 · 以原文为准

    引用The Circuit@T_h_e_Circuit

    What a Week! Anthropic Opens the Books, Intel Raises More Questions, Marvell and Lumentum? With @benbajarin and @jaygoldberg Chapters: (00:00) Welcome: A Packed Week for The Circuit (00:29) Anthropic’s S-1: Growth, Spending, and Existential Risk (03:46) Anthropic’s Bet on Scaling Laws (05:43) Enterprise Adoption and Anthropic’s Growth Engine (09:26) Our CIO Survey: AI ROI and the Skills Gap (12:16) How AI Budgets Grow Beyond IT (18:55) Anthropic Direct: Taking Control of Compute (20:23) Anthropic’s Multi-Chip Strategy (25:32) When Custom Silicon Becomes a Strategic Advantage (30:58) Does Anthropic Look More Like a Foundry Than a Software Company? (32:49) Compute Commitments, Cloud Discounts, and Token Economics (37:37) Anthropic’s Governance and Founder Control (41:23) Hyperscaler Earnings: Strong AI Demand, Mixed Results (47:39) Whose AI Flywheel Needs to Work the Most? (51:45) Google Search, AI Advertising, and Platform Risk (54:55) Intel’s Strong Quarter and Weak Guidance (56:47) Allocating Capacity: PCs Versus AI Servers (60:22) The PC Downturn and Intel’s Delayed Response (62:53) Intel’s Recovery: Better Foundations, Longer Timeline (66:02) Chiplets and the Challenge of Planning Across Nodes (68:24) Substrate Constraints and Supply Chain Planning (71:00) Rebuilding Confidence in Intel (74:20) Marvell–Lumentum: Making Sense of a Potential Deal (76:30) Why Optical Networking May Need More Vertical Integration (79:13) Will Optical Components Become Commodities? (82:25) NVIDIA’s Role and the Battle Against Broadcom (84:55) Closing Thoughts

  9. a16z59

    Tutor Intelligence 宣布完成 7500 万美元 B 轮融资,由 a16z 领投,USV 和 neo 参投,用于加速前沿模型训练、机器人制造和行业部署。公司披露站点数量约为一年前的 4 倍,今年近三分之一部署来自老客户复购,目标是 2027 年底在约机器人超过 1000 台。

    AI 生成摘要 · 以原文为准

    引用Josh Gruenstein@joshgruenstein

    We raised a $75M Series B to deploy intelligent robots now, led by @a16z, with participation from @usv and @neo. @tutorintel robots work real jobs across the United States, directed by human “tutors” and the foundation models we’ve trained on the work done. This round accelerates frontier model training, robot manufacturing, and deployment into industry. We’re in almost 4x as many sites as a year ago; nearly a third of this year’s deployments went to existing customers coming back for more; and we’re on track to have more than 1,000 robots under contract by the end of 2027. Our mission is to proliferate robotics for the common good. If you want to make robots reliably do things others think are impossible, for people who’ve never had access to this technology, join us.

  10. a16z52

    Tutor Intelligence 联合创始人兼 CEO Josh Gruenstein 在 a16z 播客中表示,人们想象中的无人化工厂只是美国制造物流的最顶端 0.01%,大量百万平方英尺设施仍靠人工在传送带和折叠桌旁手工操作。他称这类体力活极难招工,从业者平均年龄 55 岁且面临退休,甚至 iPhone 在最大规模下也是人工完成包装装盒。

    AI 生成摘要 · 以原文为准

    引用a16z@a16z

    Tutor Intelligence co-founder and CEO Josh Gruenstein is putting AI robots to work in American factories and warehouses, taking on the back-breaking jobs they can't hire for. Tutor builds its robots in Massachusetts and charges by the hour, with no upfront cost. When the AI gets stuck, a human "tutor" takes over and teaches it the task, creating training data along the way. Josh joins a16z's Martin Casado and Raghu Raghuram to discuss how Tutor goes from a first sales call to a working robot in about three months, why so many robot startups died building for a single customer, why anyone will be able to start a business in the physical world, and a whole lot more. 0:50 Deploy robots, then build the data 2:50 Why smart robots aren't enough 4:38 The ultimate systems problem 6:45 Why robot companies go vertical 9:07 How remote humans tutor robots 11:00 Will robots outgrow their tutors? 14:54 How AI labs sped up robotics 16:57 Meet Cassie and Sonny 20:55 What factory work actually looks like 23:18 A robot for $16 an hour 25:51 When robots become coworkers 29:04 Why robot startups keep dying 31:21 When 1% cheaper flips a market 34:52 Robots cost more to run than to buy 38:18 China's automation bet may backfire 42:02 Real-world RL on a 100-robot fleet YouTube: https://youtu.be/lXkjXSul6yg @joshgruenstein @tutorintel @martin_casado @RaghuRaghuram

  11. a16z54

    Tutor Intelligence 联合创始人兼 CEO Josh Gruenstein 在 a16z 访谈中表示,即使机器人拥有完美智能,机器人行业的问题也不会被解决,因为瓶颈在于规模化制造机器人和找到客户,而非智能本身。他称机器人即便在制造业和物流等最自动化的行业中也只占很小的比例,机器人创业需要把智能、硬件和客户三块拼在一起。

    AI 生成摘要 · 以原文为准

    引用a16z@a16z

    Tutor Intelligence co-founder and CEO Josh Gruenstein is putting AI robots to work in American factories and warehouses, taking on the back-breaking jobs they can't hire for. Tutor builds its robots in Massachusetts and charges by the hour, with no upfront cost. When the AI gets stuck, a human "tutor" takes over and teaches it the task, creating training data along the way. Josh joins a16z's Martin Casado and Raghu Raghuram to discuss how Tutor goes from a first sales call to a working robot in about three months, why so many robot startups died building for a single customer, why anyone will be able to start a business in the physical world, and a whole lot more. 0:50 Deploy robots, then build the data 2:50 Why smart robots aren't enough 4:38 The ultimate systems problem 6:45 Why robot companies go vertical 9:07 How remote humans tutor robots 11:00 Will robots outgrow their tutors? 14:54 How AI labs sped up robotics 16:57 Meet Cassie and Sonny 20:55 What factory work actually looks like 23:18 A robot for $16 an hour 25:51 When robots become coworkers 29:04 Why robot startups keep dying 31:21 When 1% cheaper flips a market 34:52 Robots cost more to run than to buy 38:18 China's automation bet may backfire 42:02 Real-world RL on a 100-robot fleet YouTube: https://youtu.be/lXkjXSul6yg @joshgruenstein @tutorintel @martin_casado @RaghuRaghuram

  12. a16z48

    Tutor Intelligence 联合创始人 Josh Gruenstein 表示,他目睹机器人初创公司以同样方式失败“连续 5 到 10 次”:它们不是真正的产品公司,而是为单一大型客户花两年打造定制系统,一旦失败或客户需求消失公司就完了。他认为服务多元客户是打磨通用机器人的关键,与中型客户两周签约、机器人随即上线才算成功。

    AI 生成摘要 · 以原文为准

    引用a16z@a16z

    Tutor Intelligence co-founder and CEO Josh Gruenstein is putting AI robots to work in American factories and warehouses, taking on the back-breaking jobs they can't hire for. Tutor builds its robots in Massachusetts and charges by the hour, with no upfront cost. When the AI gets stuck, a human "tutor" takes over and teaches it the task, creating training data along the way. Josh joins a16z's Martin Casado and Raghu Raghuram to discuss how Tutor goes from a first sales call to a working robot in about three months, why so many robot startups died building for a single customer, why anyone will be able to start a business in the physical world, and a whole lot more. 0:50 Deploy robots, then build the data 2:50 Why smart robots aren't enough 4:38 The ultimate systems problem 6:45 Why robot companies go vertical 9:07 How remote humans tutor robots 11:00 Will robots outgrow their tutors? 14:54 How AI labs sped up robotics 16:57 Meet Cassie and Sonny 20:55 What factory work actually looks like 23:18 A robot for $16 an hour 25:51 When robots become coworkers 29:04 Why robot startups keep dying 31:21 When 1% cheaper flips a market 34:52 Robots cost more to run than to buy 38:18 China's automation bet may backfire 42:02 Real-world RL on a 100-robot fleet YouTube: https://youtu.be/lXkjXSul6yg @joshgruenstein @tutorintel @martin_casado @RaghuRaghuram

  13. a16z52

    a16z 播客发布 Tutor Intelligence 联合创始人兼 CEO Josh Gruenstein 的访谈,讨论其 AI 机器人在美国工厂和仓库承担难以招工的重体力工作。Tutor 在马萨诸塞州制造机器人并按小时收费、无前期成本,AI 卡住时由远程人工“tutor”接管教学并积累训练数据,从首次销售电话到机器人上线约需三个月。

    AI 生成摘要 · 以原文为准

    引用a16z@a16z

    Tutor Intelligence co-founder and CEO Josh Gruenstein is putting AI robots to work in American factories and warehouses, taking on the back-breaking jobs they can't hire for. Tutor builds its robots in Massachusetts and charges by the hour, with no upfront cost. When the AI gets stuck, a human "tutor" takes over and teaches it the task, creating training data along the way. Josh joins a16z's Martin Casado and Raghu Raghuram to discuss how Tutor goes from a first sales call to a working robot in about three months, why so many robot startups died building for a single customer, why anyone will be able to start a business in the physical world, and a whole lot more. 0:50 Deploy robots, then build the data 2:50 Why smart robots aren't enough 4:38 The ultimate systems problem 6:45 Why robot companies go vertical 9:07 How remote humans tutor robots 11:00 Will robots outgrow their tutors? 14:54 How AI labs sped up robotics 16:57 Meet Cassie and Sonny 20:55 What factory work actually looks like 23:18 A robot for $16 an hour 25:51 When robots become coworkers 29:04 Why robot startups keep dying 31:21 When 1% cheaper flips a market 34:52 Robots cost more to run than to buy 38:18 China's automation bet may backfire 42:02 Real-world RL on a 100-robot fleet YouTube: https://youtu.be/lXkjXSul6yg @joshgruenstein @tutorintel @martin_casado @RaghuRaghuram

  14. a16z50

    a16z 转发其访谈节目,Tutor Intelligence 联合创始人兼 CEO Josh Gruenstein 表示机器人估值方法就是把机器人能完成的工作量除以成本,若机器人能以更低成本完成工作,市场规模是所有体力劳动。引述某华尔街机构对年度机器人销量的预测为 2026 年 2900 万台、2030 年 9300 万台、2040 年 6.05 亿台、2050 年 14 亿台。

    AI 生成摘要 · 以原文为准

    引用a16z@a16z

    Tutor Intelligence co-founder and CEO Josh Gruenstein is putting AI robots to work in American factories and warehouses, taking on the back-breaking jobs they can't hire for. Tutor builds its robots in Massachusetts and charges by the hour, with no upfront cost. When the AI gets stuck, a human "tutor" takes over and teaches it the task, creating training data along the way. Josh joins a16z's Martin Casado and Raghu Raghuram to discuss how Tutor goes from a first sales call to a working robot in about three months, why so many robot startups died building for a single customer, why anyone will be able to start a business in the physical world, and a whole lot more. 0:50 Deploy robots, then build the data 2:50 Why smart robots aren't enough 4:38 The ultimate systems problem 6:45 Why robot companies go vertical 9:07 How remote humans tutor robots 11:00 Will robots outgrow their tutors? 14:54 How AI labs sped up robotics 16:57 Meet Cassie and Sonny 20:55 What factory work actually looks like 23:18 A robot for $16 an hour 25:51 When robots become coworkers 29:04 Why robot startups keep dying 31:21 When 1% cheaper flips a market 34:52 Robots cost more to run than to buy 38:18 China's automation bet may backfire 42:02 Real-world RL on a 100-robot fleet YouTube: https://youtu.be/lXkjXSul6yg @joshgruenstein @tutorintel @martin_casado @RaghuRaghuram

11月2日周一
  1. The Quantum Insider28

    诺贝尔奖得主 John Martinis 将在西澳大学发表量子计算讲座

    2025 年诺贝尔物理学奖得主、超导量子比特先驱 John Martinis 将于 11 月 10 日下午 6 点半在西澳大学 Octagon Theatre 举行免费公开讲座,讲述超导量子计算 40 年发展历程及其获诺奖的博士论文研究。他将介绍如何借鉴现有半导体制造技术与系统工程方法构建更高质量量子比特,实现全栈可扩展量子计算。

    AI 生成摘要 · 以原文为准

  2. Ben Bajarin80

    Marvell($mrvl)与 Lumentum($lite)宣布合并,官方新闻稿称双方将结合打造 AI 互连领域的品类领导者。作者认为监管审批方面的不确定性主要来自中国,并表示双方主推的协同设计方向印证了他上周提出的观点,即竞争基础正转向更偏向垂直整合。

    AI 生成摘要 · 以原文为准

    关注理由:公告链接与作者判断并列,指出该合并意在通过协同设计强化垂直整合,监管审批风险主要看中国方面。

  3. The Quantum Insider42

    Equal1 任命 Andrew Flynn 为首席运营官

    量子计算公司 Equal1 任命 Andrew Flynn 为首席运营官,负责 RacQ 机架式量子计算机全球商业化落地的运营工作。Flynn 拥有逾 20 年半导体制造与供应链经验,曾任职于 Decawave、Qorvo 和 Xilinx。他将负责构建支持 RacQ 商业化推广所需的制造能力、供应链与运营体系。

    AI 生成摘要 · 以原文为准

  4. 华尔街见闻 · 高盛55

    高盛梳理美股七大逆向修复信号,称需先熬过2026年

    高盛衍生品策略师 Brian Garrett 在周报中列出七大逆向信号:对冲基金净杠杆率降至47%、历史上通常对应逾20%回撤,而标普500距高点仅回调约3%;周四约80%成分股上涨但指数收跌,防御因子估值处过去10年第90百分位。纳斯达克100指数10月下跌约7%,费城半导体指数跌破200日均线终结355个交易日纪录,半导体远期市盈率回落至约16倍。

    AI 生成摘要 · 以原文为准

  5. 华尔街见闻 · 高盛66

    高盛内部多空辩论:标普500盈利见顶之争与1.1万亿美元云积压订单的ROI之辩

    高盛策略师Tony Pasquariello认为标普500盈利增长已见顶、当前不宜大额押注;Mark Wilson则以谷歌云积压订单5610亿美元、AWS积压订单5780亿美元合计约1.1万亿美元为由,认为AI投资回报问题正被明确回答。文中同时指出Alphabet本季度自由现金流净流出9.1亿美元、2026年以来回购归零,超大规模云计算商90天内表外义务新增约1万亿美元。

    AI 生成摘要 · 以原文为准

  6. 华尔街见闻 · 高盛63

    高盛播客:AI资本开支增速峰值临近,主题正从超级叙事转向常规叙事

    高盛三位资深人士在10月29日播客中判断,AI资本开支的峰值增速大概率已相当接近,市场对AI的定价从单边乐观转向好坏两面都要算的双面博弈,但Dominic Wilson强调谈的是增速峰值而非资本开支绝对规模下降。他们列举了超级科技公司信用融资带来的利差压力、变现路径仍有问号、盈利表现分化三条裂缝。

    AI 生成摘要 · 以原文为准

  7. Ben Bajarin39

    没人有水晶球。这一次的需求扩散与历史上任何时点都不同,因为如今每个互联网用户/企业都有一台能使用 AI 的设备。 话虽如此——当投资者逐渐了解其潜力、且应用普及改变其风险特征时,价格确实可能呈现出类似泡沫的模式。这种模式在不确定性高、普及速度快时最为明显。

    AI 生成摘要 · 以原文为准

    引用Nick Huber@sweatystartup

    We are about to experience the dot-com bust all over again. If this mania feels sustainable to you, you need to wake up and go touch some grass. AI will change the world, but it will be slowly over the next 20 years. Just like the internet. Hold on tight and keep cash on hand.

  8. Ben Bajarin37

    2008年,业界对 AWS 的情绪是高度怀疑,认为企业绝不会愿意把关键工作负载迁移到云上。 当时也有响亮的声音说同样的话:他们在基础设施上的投资永远不会有回报。

    AI 生成摘要 · 以原文为准

    引用Samantha LaDuc@SamanthaLaDuc

    Whoa. Doubling down. Literally!! ~$200B of “backstopping” of which HALF is “residual value guarantees” which means more lease backing (now ~$500B) IF the leases don’t renew. Big Bet - Big Risk Future AI data center value is pure speculation! Bit it keeps the shell game going.

  9. Ben Bajarin34

    超大规模云厂商在这件事上也做得相当好。

    AI 生成摘要 · 以原文为准

    引用Chamath Palihapitiya@chamath

    He who shapes power, data centers, chips and models into an economically feasible endpoint, disproportionately shapes AI/SI right now. Why? Power is THE binding constraint in AI/SI. Few really have it. Data centers don’t work without power. This is not about promises of power tomorrow. Or forecasted power in 2028. Power TODAY. Chips can’t operate profitably unless installed in a functional data center. If you can install chips, it’s because you’ve solved the power problem. Models aren’t economically viable unless run on cost effective infrastructure which requires a functional data center with low input costs and reliable management. This can’t happen without power. AI/SI ROI doesn’t pencil unless models generate profitable outputs which necessarily needs functional data centers as the critical input. Again, power. Ergo, he who can shape data centers, chips and models together into a tightly coordinated stack is someone who has solved power. Solving power allows you to disproportionately shape AI/SI right now.

  10. Ben Bajarin35

    没错,这一点在我们自己的 CIO/CTO/CSO 调查中也体现得非常清楚。

    AI 生成摘要 · 以原文为准

    引用Arun Rao@sudoraohacker

    “AI has provided ‘zero payoff’ to corporate America outside of the technology sector, according to Apollo Global Management Chief Economist Torsten Slok.” What Slok and many others are missing is that the massive boosts in software creation and reasoning are elemental, and can be extended across all knowledge work (work in front of a computer) and then across any work that requires intelligence over 5-10 years, and eventually manual labor and dexterity as it’s the software that’s holding back robots from being useful. Astra and upcoming robot foundation models will change this. Major tech firms don’t make big bets on fads and herding-they’re just the first to see the productivity boosts (revenue per employee sharply up) and this will extend to the Fortune 1000 over 5-10 years.